3rd century BC

(4th century BC - 3rd century BC - 2nd century BC - other centuries)

(2nd millennium BC - 1st millennium BC - 1st millennium AD)

• The first two Punic Wars between Carthage and Rome over dominance in western Mediterranean
• Rome conquers Spain
• Great Wall of China begun
• Indian traders regularly visited Arabia

• The Ptolemaic dynasty rules Egypt
• Apollonius of Perga, mathematician
• Archimedes of Syracuse, mathematician, physicist, and engineer
• Euclid, mathematician
• Hannibal, military leader of Carthage
• Qin Shi Huang Di, Chinese emperor

• Eratosthenes accurately calculates diameter of the Earth

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