Abner Doubleday
As an officer in the Union army, Abner Doubleday (June 26, 1819-January 26, 1893) commanded the firing of the North's first shots in defense of Fort Sumter, S.C., the opening battle of the American Civil War in 1861.This war has had an enormous enduring effect on the history and cultural mores of the United States, and the firing on Fort Sumter is one of its most famous episodes.
The lore of baseball makes Doubleday the inventor of the game, in a cow pasture in Cooperstown, New York, in 1839. This is false; baseball evolved slowly from an English game called Rounders. Recent scholarship casts doubt that Doubleday even codified the rules of the game. It has no single inventor, although the achievements of Alexander J. Cartwright match closely what has been claimed for Doubleday.
A West Point graduate, before the Civil War Doubleday served in the Mexican War and fought the Seminole Native Americans. By 1862 he was a Major-General, and was temporarily in command at the Battle of Gettysburg, before being relieved by General Howard.
After the Civil War, he was posted in San Francisco, where he obtained a charter for the cable car railway which still runs there.
At his death, Doubleday left a considerable supply of letters and papers, none of which describe baseball, or give any suggestion that Abner Doubleday considered himself a prominent person in the evolution of the game. An encyclopedia article about Doubleday published in 1911 makes no mention of the game.
Doubleday published two important works on the Civil War, Reminiscences of Forts Sumter and Moultrie (1876) and Chancellorsville and Gettysburg (1882), the latter being a volume of the series “Campaigns of the Civil War.”
See also: History of the United States
