Affine group

In mathematics, the affine group of any affine space over a field K is the group of all invertible affine transformations from the space into itself. It is a Lie group if K is the real or complex field.

There is more than one convenient way to describe the structure of affine groups. There is the abstract result that it is a semidirect product: this is given on the affine space page. There is a a more down-to-earth matrix representation: represent a pair (M, v) where M is an n×n matrix over K, and v a 1×n column vector, by the (n+1)×(n+1) matrix (M*|v*) where M* is the n×(n+1) matrix formed by adding a row of zeroes below M, and v* is the column matrix of size n+1 formed by adding a 1 below v.

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