Matryoshka doll
A Matryoshka doll (Cyrillic матрёшка or матрешка) is a Russian nesting doll. Female dolls are also known as the baboushka ("cute old woman", Cyr. бабушка) and male as dedoushka ("cute old man", Cyr.дедушка).
Dedoushka
A set of Matryoshka dolls consists of a wooden figure which can be pulled apart to reveal another figure of the same sort inside. It has in turn another figure inside, and so on. The number of nested figures is usually six or more. The shape is mostly cylindrical, rounded at the top for the head and tapered towards the bottom, but little else; the dolls have no hands (except those that are painted). The artistry is in the painting of each doll, which can be extremely elaborate. The theme is usually peasant girls in traditional dress, but can be almost anything, for instance fairy tales or Soviet leaders (most famously the Gorby doll).
Matryoshka dolls are not a traditional Russian handicraft; the first one dates from 1890, and is said to have been inspired by a doll of Fukuruma from Japan. However, the concept of nested objects was familiar in Russia, having been applied to carved wooden apples and Easter eggss; the first Fabergé egg, in 1885, had a nesting of egg, yolk, hen, and crown.
The first one was carved by Vasiliy Zvezdochkin and painted by Sergei Maliutin. It consisted of eight dolls; the outermost was a girl in an apron, then the dolls alternated between boy and girl, with the innermost a baby.
There are several areas with notable Matryoshka styles; Sergiev Posad, Semionovo, Polkholvsky Maidan, and Kirov.
